About this episode
The War everyone assumed was over may be about to become something far worse than we could have expected. Professor Robert Pape explains exactly why the deadliest phase of this war is still ahead, and how this could trigger a wave of terror across the world. Robert Pape is a Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and director of the Chicago Project on Security and Threats. A renowned political scientist, he has advised every White House since 9/11 on military strategy and is the author of the upcoming book “Our Own Worst Enemies: America and the Age of Violent Populism”. He explains: ■ Why the US bombing campaign failed to topple Iran’s regime, even after killing its top leaders ■ How Iran seized control of 20% of the world’s oil supply within days of the war starting ■ Why the failed agreement handed Iran a path to becoming the most powerful country in the region ■ Why both China and Russia gain from America staying stuck in the Middle East ■ Why he thinks US ground troops could be next ■ Why he thinks there will be a clash between Congress and the president over who really controls the power to go to war Chapters 00:00:00 Intro 00:02:22 Why Robert Pape Isn't Surprised 00:04:04 Why the US Blocked the Strait of Hormuz 00:05:23 The Secret JD Vance Peace Deal (MOU) 00:08:13 Iran as Regional Hegemon, Explained 00:09:40 How Do We Know This Is the Real Document? 00:21:05 Did the War Actually Make Iran Stronger? 00:22:06 The Viral Tweet: How Is Iran Still Hitting US Bases? 00:24:37 Trump Says Iran Is Destroyed — So How? 00:25:39 Where Iran Hides Its Drones ("A Truck in California") 00:29:04 Iran Is Building New Drones the Whole Time 00:32:17 Are We on the Verge of a Global Economic Crisis? 00:36:27 What "Owning the L" Would Actually Look Like 00:38:37 Trump: The US Runs Out of Oil in 4 Weeks 00:40:32 The Midterm Elections Time Bomb 00:52:13 The Vietnam Parallel: LBJ's Trap 00:55:06 Can the US Force the Strait of Hormuz Open? 01:03:07 A 70% Chance of Boots on the Ground in Iran 01:14:39 Why Invading (Not Bombing) Sparks Suicide Attacks 01:24:05 When the Two Crises Collide: A New 1960s? 01:25:01 Will Trump Lose the Midterms? 01:26:40 Is the US Running Out of Weapons? 01:28:40 What Is Trump's Real Objective? 01:34:19 Pape's Prediction for the Next Few Months Follow Robert: ◼ X - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/168aNAX ◼LinkedIn - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/EeC1Rpx ◼Substack - https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/6GWlu8Q You can pre-order Robert's new book, ‘Our Own Worst Enemies: America and the Age of Violent Populism’ here: https://link.thediaryofaceo.com/9XIQBJ9 The Diary Of A CEO: ■ Join DOAC circle here - https://doaccircle.com/ ■ Buy The Diary Of A CEO book here - https://smarturl.it/DOACbook ■ The 1% Diary is back, limited time only - https://bit.ly/3YFbJbt ■ The Diary Of A CEO Conversation Cards - https://linkly.link/2hm7r ■ Get email updates - https://bit.ly/diary-of-a-ceo-yt ■ Follow Steven - https://g2ul0.app.link/gnGqL4IsKKb Sponsors: Pipedrive - https://pipedrive.com/CEO HeyGen - https://heygen.com/doac
Episode summary
Iran’s stronger now than before the war, and we’re edging toward a global energy crunch; that’s the nightmare I’ve been warning about.
How likely is a limited U.S. ground move into Iran?
The odds are over fifty percent and pushing toward seventy, because the choice is brutal: risk a worldwide recession or accept Iranian control of the key chokepoint.
What’s the next likely step?
My two decades of modeling showed airstrikes wouldn’t topple Tehran even after leadership decapitation and a prolonged bombing-and-blockade phase; air power alone has never overthrown a regime.
Walk us through the deal that was supposed to end this.
The memorandum was framed like a business incentive plan, but the real stakes are balance of power; clauses effectively put Iran and Oman in charge of reopening and pricing within sixty days, leaving the U.S. sidelined while Iran gains leverage over roughly one fifth of global oil.
So why sign if fighting resumed?
Trump signed, then quickly undercut it: a Lebanon framework that conflicted with territorial guarantees, covertly pushing southern passages through the strait without coordination, and trying to steer unfrozen funds toward U.S. grain—all violations that pushed Iran to reassert control.
Did Iran ever run the strait before?
Not before late February; they seized the moment when our naval posture couldn’t blunt their move, and the war ironically boosted their regional power.
How are they still striking U.S. assets if we wrecked their forces?
They began with vast stockpiles of drones and missiles, and only a fraction is needed to saturate defenses; lately they’re mixing drones, ballistic, and sea-skimming cruise missiles while we may be drawing down interceptors.
Why can’t we just clear out the drones?
They’re small, dispersed, and hidden across mountainous terrain the size of a large U.S. state, and Iran can build thousands more each month; shippers won’t risk a vessel worth hundreds of millions without real safety.
The Houthis just choked the Red Sea route—are we nearing an economic shock?
Yes; bypass lines helped at first, but reserves are being drained, refining capacity is strained—much of it sits in the Gulf and some is being hit in Russia—and fuel prices are set to climb.
What would ‘owning the loss’ actually mean?
Letting Iran regulate passage and fees as the deal outlined, which sets a precedent at chokepoints worldwide; every alternative so far—bombing, blockade, cash carrots—fed the escalation trap we modeled.
Could the U.S. physically reopen the strait with current plans?
Not fully; the force posture in the Gulf of Oman looks geared to seize a small coastal node like Jask or Chabahar for a short, symbolic win rather than secure lasting safe passage.
The political cost of casualties would be huge.
Expect hundreds killed if held for weeks; it would deepen polarization yet could harden support among core war backers who see withdrawal as dishonoring the fallen.
What worries you most next?
A missile barrage on a U.S. ship in the Gulf of Oman, and a spike in suicide terrorism if we start holding ground—occupation is the prime driver in my data, and such attacks are tragically precise and hard to stop.
Is there any off-ramp that avoids a U.S. defeat narrative?
Not before the midterms; the only plausible brake is Congress cutting funds afterward, which risks a constitutional showdown and a volatile mix of domestic unrest and foreign crisis.
So what’s Trump’s real objective right now?
A short, visible success he can hold for a week or two to show resolve; I’d rather design a multi‑year regional balance that actually stabilizes energy and security.
Where do China and Russia stand?
China wants stability but not an Iran collapse; Russia may tighten the vise on Europe as the energy shock grows.
Your near‑term forecast?
As prices rise and pressure mounts, expect a limited ground move on an island or coastal strip to signal a path to reopening—even if it’s largely symbolic.
There’s a human cost here that’s easy to overlook.
I hear from Iranian students with families back home; meaningful hope is five to ten years away, and every step up the ladder pushes it further out.
Closing tradition: if you could ask one figure from history a question, who and why?
Franklin Roosevelt—did he foresee the world the atomic bomb would create, and how far did he think leaders could truly see the long shadow of their choices?
Robert, thanks for coming back. Your book lands on September twenty second and the pre-order is now live; when we first talked, you mapped how wars escalate and reshape people’s heads at home and under fire, and I doubted parts of it, but events in Ukraine and Russia and signs of spillover involving Iran have tracked your warnings, which is a hard thing to be right about.
Unfortunately is the word. I told my ninety seven year old mother in law you invited me back, and even as she lies bedridden, all I can say is I’m sorry for our country and I want better days ahead.
Thank you for coming back, Robert. I hope the next time we meet it’s to unpack how this moved toward peace for everyone living through it, especially those in and around the conflict; thanks again.